Infant low birth weight (LBW) is a baby with birth weight less than 2500 grams without regard gestation. Birth weight is the weight of a baby who weighed in 1 (one) hour after birth (Prawirohardjo, 2006).
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1. Maintaining Temperature
Premature babies is easy and quick to suffer from hypothermia when in a cold environment. If the baby is being treated in an incubator, the temperature for babies weighing less than 2 kg is 35 ° C and for the baby weight 2-2.5 kg 34 ° C so that it can maintain a body temperature of about 37 ° C incubator temperature can be lowered 1 ° C per week for babies weighing less than 2 kg gradually can be placed in the crib with the ambient temperature of 27 ° C-29 ° C. If the incubator is not available, the heating can be done by wrapping the baby and put the bottles warm around or by placing a kerosene lamp is brought near the crib. Baby in an incubator only applied diaper. It is important to facilitate the supervision of the general condition, behavior, breathing and seizures (Winkjosastro, 2006).
Infant low birth weight (LBW). Once the baby is born is to maintain the temperature to remain normal, and also very susceptible to hypothermia, because the thin subcutaneous fat reserves and still immature thermoregulatory center in the brain, for the LBW should always be kept warmth. The most effective way retain normal body temperature is often hugging and holding a baby.
There is a method called kangaroo method or clingy baby care, which is always near the baby's mother or another person with direct skin contact with the baby's mother's skin. Alternatively, the baby should not be bathed immediately before six hours of LBW (Kosim, 2007).
Infant low birth weight (LBW) easily and quickly experience hypothermia, heat loss caused by the baby's body surface relativ wider than body weight, lack of fat tissue, and the lack of fat brown (brown fat) (Koswara, 2009).
Premature babies will quickly lose heat and become hypothermia, because the center of the heat setting is not functioning properly, low metabolism and body surface widespread relativism therefore premature infants should be treated in the indicator so that the body closer to the uterus. If the baby is being treated in the temperature indicator weight babies, 2 kg is 35 ° C and for babies weighing 2-2.5 kg is 33-34 ° C. When the indicator is not no baby can be wrapped in cloth and placed beside a hot water bottle, so that body heat can be maintained. (Mohammed, 2008).
2. Measurement Weight
Changes in body weight reflects the nutritional condition / infant nutrition and closely related to the body's power and, therefore, measurement of body weight so that the baby does not suffer from hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia. In general, infants with a birth weight of 2000 g or more can suck breast milk and infants weighing less than 1500 g infant was given a drink by the sonde. After 5 days the baby is born tried breastfeed, when the suction power is good enough then breastfeeding be continued. (Winkjosastro, 2006).
3. Baby Food
In premature infants sucking reflex, swallow and cough is not perfect, still a little stomach capacity, power, especially digestive enzyme lipase is still lacking in addition need 3-5 grams of protein per day and high in calories (110 cal / kg / day), in order to gain weight as well as possible. Provision of drinking begins at the time the baby was three hours so the baby does not suffer from hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia in general infant birth weight of 2000 g so that more can suck breast milk and infants weighing less than 1500 grams are drinking through the sonde. After 5 days the baby tried breastfeed, if the suction power is good enough breast milk can be forwarded. (Winkjosastro, 2006).
Growth also must be a reserve of calories to catch up weight. The main drinks and first is breast milk is no doubt profits. It is recommended infant feeding mothers, especially for premature babies. Breastfeeding mothers are suitable for babies, because it contains calories and high in protein and electrolyte minimal.
Special formula milk can be given when the mother's milk can not be given due to various reasons. Shortage of drinking in LBW infants will result in jaundice or yellow (Badriul, 2009).
4. Prevent Infection
Low birth weight babies are susceptible to the immune system is still weak, the ability of leukocytes is still lacking and the formation of antibodies has not been perfect, therefore, preventive measures have been implemented since the antenatal surveillance so there is no delivery of prematurity (LBW), thus the care and supervision of a baby prematurity in particular and well insulated (Manuaba, 2006).
Infant low birth weight (LBW) are very susceptible to infection, consider the principles of infection prevention including washing hands before holding the baby (Sarwono, 2006).
Infant low birth weight (LBW) are very susceptible to infection, is caused by the body's resistance to infection is reduced, the relative has not been able to assist antibodies and phagocytosis as well as reaction to inflammation has not, therefore, consider the principles of infection prevention, including washing hands before holding the baby. (Koswara 2009).
